NATION

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by The saar commune. . 379 reads.

Die Saarkommune



Link Link
Territorial extent (including Ernst Thälmann Island)


Motto:
"Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!"
(Workers of the world, unite!)


Population: 1.2 million (June 30th, 2018)


Official language: German (Sarrois)


Demonym: Sarrois


Capital and largest city: Saarbrücken


Area: ca. 5000 km²


Government: Unitary Marxist-Leninist
one-party socialist republic

General Secretary:
• 1955-85 (first) Erich Honecker
• 1985-today Oskar Lafontaine


Anthem: Rot ist die Saar
(English: "Red is the Saar")

Link


Currency: 1 Saarmark = 100 Pfennig


Time zone:
Winter: CET (UTC+1)
Summer: CEST (UTC+2)


Drives: on the right

The saar commune


The Saar Commune is a landlocked unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic bordering Germany in the east, France in the west and Luxembourg in the north. It also shares a maritime border with Cuba along the Commune's only overseas territory, Ernst Thälmann Island. The self-sufficient nation is inhabited by a little over 1.2 million people. It is often viewed as the last remainder of the German Democratic Republic. Whilst both countries were independent entities, they cooperated on most domestic and foreign issues, including similar constitutions and laws.

1 History


The Saar Commune's history can be divided into the pre- and post-revolutionary periods separated by the failed 1955 Saar Statute, after which the country gained its independence and constituted itself as a Marxist-Leninist people's republic.

1.1 Pre-revolutionary history

The first settlers of what today constitutes the Saar Commune were Celtic tribes. Later, the Roman Empire integrated the region into its province of Belgica, which led to intermingling. The remains of old Roman villas and villages pay tribute to the wealth of the region.
In the 5th century, it was conquered by the Franks and was later a part of the Carolingian and the Holy Roman Empire.
During the 17th and 18th century, French Kings repeatedly invaded the area. It became a part of the French Republic until it was taken by the Prussians after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 began by an attempt of Napoleon III. to seize Saarbrücken. With the creation of the Territory of the Saar Basin, the Treaty of Versailles marked the beginning of the Saar area as a national entity in 1920.

1.2 Revolutionary history

Link
Erich Honecker with the mayor of Neunkirchen, 1987
The history of the modern Saar Commune has been strongly influenced by the history of the interbellum and the life of the communist functionary and later General Secretary Erich Honecker.

Early life and ecuation
Honecker, born on August 25th, 1912 in Neunkirchen, who grew up in a family of miners and farmers, had already been frequenting a communist youth group at the age of ten, together with his siblings. His family's background in farming made them relatively wealthy in comparison to the general population of the former German Reich. However, Honecker's father, Wilhelm, a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, who had been involved in the Kiel Mutiny, shared their agricultural products with the local community. The combined efforts of the strong Honecker family network across the entire region helped to save countless lives during the Turnip Winter of 1916 - 1917.
After the end of World War One, the Saarland was occupied by French troops, which also outlawed the worker and soldier councils organised by the Social Democrats and the Independent Social Democrats. In the following fifteen years of League of Nations administration, the Honecker family associated with the growing leftist proletariat movements, whilst the majority of the nation organised in religious, predominantly Catholic, communities.
In 1926, following his graduation and his registration in the local German Communist Youth Organisation (KJVD), due to the weakened economy, Honecker was unable to find work in the Saar region. He spent two years in Farther Pomerania, working for a wealthy, but honest family of farmers. Honecker declined the opportunity to take over the farm from the owner, who had been suffering from a battlefield injury, and returned to his home country, where he found a job as a roofer's assistant. Later, he pursued an education in the same field. During both occupations, Honecker listened to the thoughts and worries of the working class.

Communist education
Following his return in 1928, Honecker quickly rose through the ranks of the KJVD, where he became known as the "Spokesman of the Communists". His work in the organisation was gratified with his election as a district manager in 1929. Honecker continued to pursue his education in Marxist theory and practical youth work in the Red Youth Storm (later Red Youth Front). The same year, he officially joined the Communist Party of Germany. He applied for a seminar at the Party leadership in Berlin. During his welcoming ceremony, in which he pledged allegiance to the communist lifestyle and the Party, he was given the name Fritz Molter, which he would later use during his time in Moscow, where he was sent to attend the International Lenin School. He graduated in the summer of 1931. During this year, he also helped with the construction of the future Soviet steelworks in Magnitogorsk. Whilst undergoing strict Stalinist education, Honecker cleansed himself from egoistic thoughts and refined his communist ideology. Stalin remained Honecker's role model until his last breath.

Resistance against the nazis
When the national socialists took power in 1933, Honecker was detained by the fascists. Once he got out of prison in 1934, he returned to the French-occupied Saar to support Minister-President Johannes Hoffmann's fight against reunification with the German Reich, where he met many local communist leaders. Unfortunately, shrewd fascist propaganda led nine-tenths of the population of the Saar Territory to vote in favour of reunification. Honecker and many other communist functionaries sought refugee in France. Under the code name Martin Tjaden, Honecker illegally transported a printing press to Berlin, where he fought in the antifascist resistance. Again, he was arrested by the Gestapo and sentenced to two years in prison, later twelve. The inmates were forced to reconstruct buildings destroyed by allied bombings of Berlin.
After the prison was liberated by the Red Army on April 27th, 1945, Honecker joined the Ulbricht Group, an organisation of German politicians loyal to the Soviet Union, where he was introduced to Walter Ulbricht, who later became the leader of the German Democratic Republic. He joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and helped to create the Free German Youth in 1946, which he led until he returned to the Saar Protectorate, which was under French administration, in 1947.


Flag of the Saar Commune
Foundation of the Saar Commune
Whilst the German Democratic Republic was founded in 1949, Honecker continued his work in the Sarrois Communist Party, which was founded three years earlier. His newly-founded Free Sarrois Youth, in which he applied the knowledge he gained during his years in Berlin, and his charismatic speeches rallied the working class of the Saar Protectorate under the flag of the SCP, whose leadership he had gained in the meantime. Ever since his return to the Saar Protectorate, Honecker fought against the Saar Statute, which was to decide whether the Saar Protectorate should be integrated into West Germany or gain autonomy under French administration. Thanks to years of hard work and a fierce electoral campaign in 1955, Honecker and his Sarrois Communist Party gained the majority and managed to change the outcome of the Saar Statute for the better. Out of the three choices, reintegration into Germany, French administration and total independence, 76.17% voted for the latter option. Following the independence referendum, a new constitution was written, the Sarrois Communist Party renamed to Sarrois Socialist Unity Party and the Saar Commune (German: Saarkommune) founded. The country received widespread international recognition in 1956.

1.3 Post-revolutionary history

Link
Honecker shaking Lafontaine's hand, 1988
Late 20th century
In the following years and decades, thanks to material and intellectual support from the German Democratic Republic and the Soviet Union, the Saar Commune prospered under Honecker's rule. Staying true to his ideology, Honecker managed to improve general living conditions and ensure a job, a flat and guaranteed free time for all workers of the Saar Commune. The obvious success led to border skirmishes with both France and the Federal Republic of Germany, as peasants and workers from the neighbouring capitalist nations wanted to join the Commune. At the end of these skirmishes, the Saar Commune directly controlled the entire length of the Saar river. Since the Franco-German border region, especially Alsace-Lorraine, had been under the historical influence of both countries, there were no notable complications resulting from language barriers during the unification of the Saar Commune.
Similarly to the German Democratic Republic, the Saar Commune constructed an antifascist barrier wall around the entire perimeter of its territory. Whilst the fall of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union dealt a huge blow to the Saar Commune, the Ministry for State Security prevented a revolution allegedly planned by western spies and thereby saved the Saar Commune from the fate of other socialist countries in Europe. Whilst trade with neighbouring countries is severely restricted due to trade embargos trying to get the Saar Commune to open its borders and embrace capitalism, the nation still firmly believes in the socialist cause. The relatively low population of just over one million people made it possible for the nation to become entirely self-sufficient in terms of sustaining its population.
Erich Honecker relinquished his position as General Secretary to Oskar Lafontaine in 1985, whom he continued to provide with political advice and ideological guidance.
The 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (also known as "Two Plus Four Agreement") set the future of the Saar Commune as an independent country in stone, as Germany formally dropped all claims on Sarrois territory.
Honecker passed away on May 29th, 1994, in Leninstadt, formerly St. Ingbert.
The Saar Commune formally joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1997.

21st century
October 23rd, 2005 marked the 50th birthday of the Saar Commune. The event was honoured through a central parade in Saarbrücken, hosted by Oskar Lafontaine and other high ranking members of the Sarrois government. Whilst many of the over half a million attendees were inhabitants of Saarbrücken and nearby cities, public transportation and road traffic authorities registered a large influx of people into the city, mostly attributed to the celebrations.
On January 10th, 2020, the Saar Commune celebrated the "Saarhundert" (a portmanteau of "Saar" and "Jahrhundert", the German word for "century"), the centennial of Sarrois history. To celebrate the occasion, many cultural and historic institutions hosted special commemorative events for the general public. Official festivities were held in the Saarbrücken Castle with notable politicians, representatives from art and culture, honorary citizens and the General Secretary in attendance.
Largely due to its restrictive immigration policies, the impact of the global Coronavirus pandemic of the early 2020s on the Saar Commune was limited in comparison to other countries, even though the reliability of information regarding case numbers reported by Sarrois state media is questionable. Although infected individuals (predominantly guest workers from the People's Republic of China) entered the Commune's territory at the beginning of the pandemic, affected individuals could quickly be isolated by the means of mass screening and information originating from the Ministry of State Security. A complete ban on foreign immigration was placed temporarily, including Chinese guest workers. Economic activity in the Saar Commune continued, albeit under much stricter hygiene directives. The economic downturn in the Saar Commune was more noticeable than in other European countries due to the higher economic reliance on the primary and secondary sector. Some economic activity, as well as school and university lectures, were substituted through video conferences and educational programmes on the national intranet. Furthermore, school classes for all age groups were broadcast on national television to ensure no child was left behind and to prevent backlogs in the national school curriculum. The Sarrois university medical centre in Homburg isolated a strand of SARS-CoV-2 and supported global efforts in the search for a vaccine in a rare case of cooperation with non-socialist nations. As the situation in Sarrois hospitals wasn't as dire as in many other countries, the Saar Commune had offered to treat foreign individuals within the newly expanded quarantine wing of the university medical centre. Measures were reintroduced multiple times as the pandemic progressed.
Ambivalent relations with the Commune's neighbouring countries continued during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Alongside most countries with which it upholds favourable relations, the Saar Commune blamed the invasion on Ukraine and/or NATO provocation and openly sided with Russia, souring relations with Ukraine and western nations. On the other hand, as countries in Europe, especially Germany, pursued decoupling their energy supply from Russian exports and sought a reduction of their dependence on Russian gas, the Commune's significant coal reserves presented a lucrative source of foreign capital. Due to the comparatively low cost of Sarrois coal, higher than in other developing countries but well below the European average, 2022 saw the first material exports into EU member states ever. Internally, the decision was controversial, with regards to "ideological purity", cooperation with capitalist nations, and the export of resources that could otherwise have been used internally.

2 Geography


The territory of the Saar Commune can be divided into the mainland on the Franco-German border and the only overseas territory, Ernst Thälmann Island, bordering Cuba.

2.1 Main territory

Link
The Saarschleife near Mettlach
The main territory of the Saar Commune encompasses the entirety of the Saar river, which originates in the Vosges mountains in the south of the nation and flows northwards, where it flows into the Moselle River, a tributary of the Rhine, close to the border with Luxembourg. Roughly half of the generally hilly nation is covered in forest which has provided the region with abundant building material for centuries. The 1.009 m tall Hohe Donne is the tallest point within the Saar Commune. The mountain is located on the French border and is the tallest peak in the northern Vosges.

Temperate climates bestow warm summers and mild winters with an average precipitation of 800 millimetres.

The Saar area is very wealthy in natural resources, most notably coal, which resulted in the development of strong mining industry and culture. Nearly 40% of the Commune's territory is covered with forests, one of the highest percentages in middle Europe. However, the coverage has been steadily receding due to the need for more agrarian production resulting from foreign embargoes.

The most popular landmark of the nation is the "Saarschleife" near Mettlach, where the river Saar turns in a very picturesque way. Clear spring water can be used for brewing.

2.2 Ernst Thälmann Island

Link
Monument on Ernst Thälmann Island
Previously known as Cayo Blanco del Sur, Ernst Thälmann Island is the only overseas territory of the Saar Commune. The 15km by 500m Caribbean island in the Gulf of Cazones was gifted to the German Democratic Republic by Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, in 1972. During a state visit by GDR officials, the island was officially renamed after the communist politician and one of its beaches named Playa República Democrática Alemana (GDR Beach, German: DDR-Strand). A bust of Ernst Thälmann was erected on the island as a symbol of GDR-Cuban friendship. After the collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989, the island was transferred to the Saar Commune. Whilst the environmentally beautiful island is uninhabited, members of the Sarrois embassy in Havana regularly visit the island to maintain the monument. The bust was badly damaged during Hurricane Mitch in 1998, however, a team of Cuban and Sarrois monument conservators restored it to its former glory.

The island experiences tropical climates with temperatures reaching into the upper twenties and never dropping below 20°C. Occasionally, storms sweep over the island and it is sometimes exposed to hail showers.

3 Population


Roughly half of the 1.2 million inhabitants of the Saar Commune live in the Saarbrücken metropolitan area, with the rest divided between smaller cities like Neunkirchen and Homburg as well as rural areas.

Whilst the natural population growth has been negative (Total Fertility Rate <1.5), the population is held stable through a migration treaty with the People's Republic of China, which was signed in late 1989. Nevertheless, the ageing population and the rising share of citizens living on state welfare per taxpayer are expected to become a larger problem in the future.

The Saar Commune experienced a minor flood of refugees and asylum-seekers during the collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1990. Many East Germans, who still believed in the socialist cause, chose life in the Saar Commune over involuntary annexation into the Federal Republic of Germany. The vast majority received citizenship, former GDR politicians were incorporated into the Commune's government.

The largest ethnic minorities can be divided into pre-wall migration from surrounding countries (France, Luxembourg), descendants of miners from Italy and Turkey, and guest workers from other (former) socialist countries, for example, China, Romania, Vietnam, Poland, Bulgaria and Russia.

4 Politics


Link
Oskar Lafontaine in 2017
The Saar Commune is a unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic. The ruling party of the Saar Commune is the Sarrois Socialist Unity Party. Whilst other parties are allowed, they have to be a part of the Sarrois National Democratic Front and accept the SSUP's leading role to ensure the persistence of state communism.

The People's Chamber (German: Volkskammer) also includes representatives from national mass organisations, such as the Free Sarrois Youth, the Free Sarrois Trade Union Federation, and the Sarrois Democratic Women's Federation.

Following the collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1990, many convinced socialist politicians have fled to the Saar Commune and continued to fight for global socialism from within the enclave.

The Sarrois Gymnastics and Sports Association, the People's Solidarity (an organisation for the elderly) and formerly the Society for Saar-Soviet friendship are other important mass organisations.

4.1 Notable politicians

The following list contains the names, functions and dates of birth and death of the most prominent politicians of the Saar Commune.

Name

Date of birth, death

Function

Gerhard Schröder

*11.09.1910 †31.12.1989

Minister of Internal Affairs, later Foreign Affairs and Defense, not to be confused with the former Chancellor of Germany

Erich Honecker

*25.08-1912 †29.05.1994

Founder and first General Secretary of the Sarrois Socialist Unity Party and leader of the Saar Commune

Peter Hartz

*09.08.1941

Minister for Economic Affairs, responsible for workforce allocation reforms

Oskar Lafontaine

*16.09.1943

Current General Secretary of the Sarrois Socialist Unity Party and leader of the Saar Commune

Peter Altmaier

*18.07.1958

Minister of Energy

Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer

*09.08.1962

Christian politician, leader of the opposition party

Heiko Maas

*19.09.1966

Minister for Foreign Affairs, formerly Minister of Justice

Sahra Wagenknecht

*16.07.1969

Born in the German Democratic Republic, fourth wife of Oskar Lafontaine, rumoured to be his designated successor

4.2 Internal affairs

Despite the nation's relatively small area, the Saar Commune can be divided into two distinct halves: the heavily industrialised, densely populated, German-speaking north, and the agrarian, rural, French-speaking south. Whilst the problems this dichotomy causes have been receding with time, rivalries between the groups still manifest from time to time, especially amongst older generations. To maintain state cohesion, the government actively combats separatist tendencies in the south and promotes solidarity projects amongst the citizens. The image of a united "Workers' and Peasants' State" (German: Arbeiter- und Bauernstaat) is promoted to foster cooperation between the miners and metalworkers of the north and the farmers and peasants of the south. In the long term, these problems are expected to be resolved over time, as a sense of national identity grows stronger with each coming generation and a co-dependency of one half of the country on the produce of the other ties the country together.

4.3 Foreign relations

The Saar Commune maintains cordial relationships with many former USSR and Warsaw Pact member nations. Common issues, such as embargoes from capitalist nations and lack of allied neighbours, foster relations with other socialist nations. Relations with most capitalist nations in Europe are generally peaceful since many nations consider the small state to be insignificant in global affairs. Ties to many developing countries were established through the membership in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

Link
The flags of Cuba and North Korea
displayed in the Ludwigsparkstadion in
Saarbrücken, Novermber 2018
DPR Korea
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea had established diplomatic relations with the German Democratic Republic shortly after the DPRK's foundation and exchanged ambassadors following the conclusion of the Korean War in 1954. As both the GDR and the DPRK were amongst the first countries to recognise the legitimacy of the Saar Commune, they were amongst the first countries with diplomatic ties to the Commune. Until the establishment of the Sarrois embassy in Pyongyang in 1957, the GDR's embassy handled Sarrois-North Korean affairs. Kim Il-Sung visited the Saar Commune at the end of a six-week trip through the Soviet Union and other Eastern European states, as well as the GDR. Following the conclusion of a trip to the GDR in 1984, Kim Il-Sung visited the Saar Commune for the second and last time. Erich Honecker travelled to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea three times, once in 1977, a second time in 1984, and finally, in 1986. During the second visit, Honecker and Kim signed a treaty of bilateral friendship, which was commemorated with a ceremonial banner. Kim Il-Sung referred to Erich Honecker as "brother and best friend".
Whilst Sarrois-North Korean relations took a hit during the Sino-Soviet Split, as North Korea sided with the People's Republic of China and the Saar Commune sided with the Soviet Union, relations recovered quickly after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Today, the Saar Commune is one of the few countries regularily dispatching athletes to the North Korean Mass Games.

Republic of Cuba
Following the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, many organs of Cuban-GDR friendship were adapted to promote Cuban-Sarrois friendship. Nowadays, the relations are upheld through student and worker exchange programmes, amongst others. Ernst Thälmann Island, the only overseas territory of the Saar Commune, stands as a symbol of bilateral friendship.
Similarly to Cuba, the Saar Commune suffers greatly from gas shortages resulting from sanctions introduced by western countries against Venezuela in 2019.

Russian Federation
Although the Russo-Sarrois relations are not as amicable as during the existence of the Soviet Union, the Saar Commune still maintains friendly relations with the Russian Federation. These mostly manifest in business deals, such as joint ventures and direct investments.
Whilst the Saar Commune is overall insignificant to the average Russian, intergovernmental relations are above the European average, as the Saar Commune rarely reacts negatively to Russian actions, such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014 or the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 (the condoning of which significantly hampered relations with Ukraine). Furthermore, the Saar Commune often follows suit with Russia when it comes to the recognition of state sovereignty, such as in the cases of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia, which sours relations with Georgia.
Russian influence on Sarrois media is significant. The citizens of the Saar Commune are highly exposed to propaganda broadcasts, e.g. Russia Today.
Additionally, the exclusion of both the Russian Federation and the Saar Commune from international sportive events in recent years has led to rising solidarity between the two nations.
Continuous contributions from the USSR over the decades between the establishment of the Saar Commune in 1956 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 are one of the largest reasons why the Saar Commune managed to survive beyond the end of the Cold War and well into the 21st century.

People's Republic of China
After the end of the Cold War, the People's Republic of China has become one of the Commune's most crucial political and economic allies. Aside from the PRC being the largest trading partner, a steady influx of Chinese guest workers has been supporting the Saar Commune since the late 1980s/ early 1990s. Originally, the People's Republic of China had been planning on sending the workers to the German Democratic Republic to stabilise a country deemed to be essential to the future of global socialism and to reward GDR loyalty and respect for the PRC's internal problem-solving measures as seen in the demonstrations of 1989. Unfortunately, the GDR collapsed before being able to reply to the proposal. With the help of East German politicians that fled to the Saar Commune after the fall of the wall, an agreement was reached with the PRC to dispatch the Chinese workers to the Saar Commune instead to reinforce the position of the socialist enclave in the sea of European capitalism. To this day, the Saar Commune continues the culture of mutual Sino-German socialist respect.
The Saar Commune does not recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) as a sovereign country.
Negotiations as to the participation in the Belt and Road Initiative are currently ongoing, as the walling-off of the Saar Commune poses a significant logistical problem.

Link
An German rescue helicopter transporting
a COVID-19 patient to the Homburg
university medical centre, 2020
Germany and France
Until 1990, the future of the Saar Commune as an independent state was uncertain, as both the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of France claimed legitimate ownership over the lands constituting the Saar Commune's territory. Whilst such claims were never seriously enforced, they were occasionally used to gain votes or political influence.
Following the demise of the German Democratic Republic, the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (also known as "Two Plus Four Agreement") between the two German states, France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union defined the borders of the united German state. The ratification of the treaty included Germany formally dropping any claims on foreign soil, including Alsace-Lorraine, the territories relinquished to Poland, East Prussia, Memel and the Saar area. Whilst France still lays claims on the southern regions of the Saar Commune, which were formally under French control, no imminent dangers to the future of the Saar Commune as an independent state remain.
Both France and the Federal Republic of Germany have expressed gratitude for the Saar Commune's offer to treat foreign individuals affected by the Coronavirus pandemic of the early 2020s. In comparison to other countries, the Saar Commune was significantly less affected by the pandemic due to its strict immigration laws.
Sarrois coal was exported to Germany in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as Germany sought greater independence from Russian gas imports. The decision was controversial on both sides.

European Union
Whilst the Saar Commune is not a member in the European Economic Area nor a signatory of the European Free Trade Agreement, several policies have been implemented to keep unnecessary complications with neighbour countries at a minimum. For example, the Saar Commune is preparing to abolish daylight savings time akin to the countries of the European Union.

Israel
Similarly to the former German Democratic Republic, the Saar Commune propagates an anti-Isreal agenda and openly supports Palestinian activities.

Azerbaijan and Moldova
To the dismay of Azerbaijan and Moldova, the Saar Commune recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Artsakh and the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic.

5 National insignia


The following is a list of national symbols and insignia used to identify Sarrois institutions and affiliation.

5.1 National flag

Link
Rejected draft for the national flag
The flag of the Saar Commune was adopted after its foundation in 1956. The design is similar to flags of Soviet Socialist Republics, which usually modify the flag of the Soviet Union through one or few graphic elements.

The colour red honours the red flag of the Paris Commune of 1871 and the red star and hammer and sickle are symbols of communism and socialism. The hammer symbolises urban industrial workers while the sickle symbolises agricultural workers (peasants) — who together, as the proletarian class, form the state. The red star represents the Saarois Socialist Unity Party, and its position over hammer and sickle symbolises its leading role in a socialist society to unify and enlighten the workers and peasants in the building of communism. The black piles along the lower edge of the flag symbolise the nation's vast coal reserves, whilst the silver fimbriation symbolises iron and steel, as well as peace.

An old draft for the flag of the Saar Commune used blue piles instead of black ones, taken from the flag of the former Saar Protectorate. However, the draft was rejected to reflect the nation's new identity and sovereignty from western European capitalism.

Official colours

Colour

Name

CIELAB D₅₀
L* / a* / b*

sRGB
R / G / B

8-bit hex

GRACoL 2006
C / M / Y / K

.

Red

44.59 / 67.58 / 43.84

206 / 17 / 38

#ce1126

0% / 74% / 66% / 19%

.

Gold

87.47 / 2.91 / 86.55

255 / 215 / 0

#ffd700

0% / 16% / 100% / 0%

.

Silver

100.00 / 0.00 / 0.00

255 / 255 / 255

#ffffff

0% / 0% / 0% / 0%

.

Black

9.77 / 0.00 / 0.00

27 / 27 / 27

#1b1b1b

0% / 0% / 0% / 89%

.

Blue (rejected draft)

15.10 / 3.67 / -32.20

0 / 38 / 84

#002654

33% / 18 % / 0% / 67%

5.2 National emblem

Link
Photograph that became the base
for the national emblem
The Saar Commune's national emblem shares many elements with the emblems of constituent republics of the USSR. Prominent portrayals of the hammer and sickle, the red star, a rising sun and a wreath of wheat or leaves can be found on all of them. However, contrary to all of them, the emblem of the Saar Commune does not feature writing. Furthermore, the hammer and sickle are amended by a pickaxe to include all three traditional classes of the Saar Commune, workers (hammer), miners (pickaxe) and peasants (sickle). Nevertheless, the shared similarity of featuring local landscapes, economies and culture is maintained.

The emblem of the Saar Commune depicts several industrial buildings, including a headframe in the middle and a gasometer on the right, representing the local industry. The most iconic natural landscape of the Saar Commune, the Saarschleife near Mettlach, is winding in front of the buildings. Behind the buildings, a radiant golden sun rises underneath the hammer, pickaxe and sickle and the red star. The scene is encircled by a wreath of leaves and pine needles, referencing the local mixed forests. A banner featuring the national flag's design weaves through the wreath.

The landscape depicted on the emblem appears to be a recreation of a historic photograph from the industrialisation showing a peasant sowing crops on hilly fields with newly-constructed factories and gasometers in the background. A headframe of the Luisenthal mines was added in the middle.

5.3 National anthem

The national anthem of the Saar Commune is "Rot ist die Saar" ("Red is the Saar"). Sung to the melody of the "Steigerlied", a Saxon miner's song dating back to the sixteenth century, which was the anthem of the Saar Protectorate. It retains many elements from the 1920 version ("Deutsch ist die Saar", "German is the Saar") often sung during national socialist times. The current lyrics were composed by Wilhelm Lorenz (*05.09.1901, †05.07.1974), chief mining foreman in the Heinitz mines and amateur chamber singer, to reflect the socialist nature of the nation.

German lyrics

English translation

Rot ist die Saar, rot ganz und gar!
Und rot sind wir, die baun' uns'ren sozialen Staat,
Und rot sind wir, die baun' uns'ren sozialen Staat,
So rot wie Blut, so rot wie Blut.

Red is the Saar, from source down to its mouth!
And red are we who build our socialist state,
And red are we who build our socialist state,
Red like the blood, red like the blood.

Rot der Prolet, bei Nacht und auf dem Feld!
Und rot sind die, die schmelzen den Stahl in der Hütt',
Und rot sind die, die schmelzen den Stahl in der Hütt',
Rot wie die Glut, rot wie die Glut.

The Proletarian's red, in mines and on the fields!
And red are those who melt down the steel in the works,
And red are those who melt down the steel in the works,
Red like the blaze, red like the blaze.

Rot sind die Jungen, in Schul'n und in den Stuben!
Denn sie lernen zum Zweck einer besseren Welt,
Denn sie lernen zum Zweck einer besseren Welt,
Für jedermann, für jedermann.

Red is our youth, at home and in the schools!
Since they're working towards a new socialist world,
Since they're working towards a new socialist world,
For everyone, for everyone.

Rot die Staatsgewalt, die den Frieden wahrt!
Denn sie ehren die Worte von Lenin und Marx,
Denn sie ehren die Worte von Lenin und Marx,
Treu der Partei, treu der Partei.

Red is our rule, which keeps us all secure!
As upholding what Lenin and Marx have fought for,
As upholding what Lenin and Marx have fought for,
The party's goal, the party's goal.

Rot ist die Saar, rot ganz und gar!
Denn die Revolution zu wahren es gilt,
Denn die Revolution zu wahren es gilt,
Für alle Zeit, für alle Zeit.

Red is the Saar, from source down to its mouth!
As the Revolution has to take its course,
As the Revolution has to take its course,
For evermore, for evermore.

Prior to the establishment of the Saar Commune, the "Saarlandlied" ("Saarland Song") was also often considered an anthem of the nation.

5.4 Former symbols

Link
Law defining the Saar Protectorate's
coat of arms
During both periods of occupation after the world wars, the Territory of the Saar Basin (1920-1935) and the Saar Protectorate (1947-1956) had unique flags and coats of arms.

Under the administration of France on behalf of the League of Nations, a blue, white and black horizontal triband was used. The quartered coat of arms of the Territory of the Saar Basin depicted the individual arms of St. Ingbert in the upper right corner, the arms of Saarlouis in the bottom right one and elements from the coat of arms of Saarbrücken in the remaining ones. Both the flag and the coat of arms were discarded when the area was integrated into the Gau Westmark (Nazi Germany).

The Saar Protectorate used a white Scandinavian cross, which divided the field into two blue parts on the hoist side and two red ones on the fly. The coat of arms used the same design. The design was the result of an open contest with the only condition being that the coat of arms should feature either a mural crown or a dove as a crest, symbolising the nation being the bridge between France and Germany or peace. The former option was chosen for the final design. The colours were taken from the French flag since the Saar Protectorate was under French administration at the time.

After the establishment of the Saar Commune, previous heraldic and vexillological symbols were discarded, as they featured monarchist and/or religious imagery, which were both frowned upon by the secular, socialist government.

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Flag of the Territory of
the Saar Basin (1920-1935)

Coat of arms of the Territory of
the Saar Basin (1920-1935)

Flag of the Saar
Protectorate (1945-1956)

Coat of arms of the Saar
Protectorate (1945-1956)

6 Economy


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The Reden mines in 1959
The economy of the Saar Commune is centrally planned and owned by the state. Instead of relying on supply and demand, a central committee sets and subsidises the prices of housing, basic goods and services.

The strongest branch of Sarrois industry is coal mining, which has a long tradition in the region, followed by agriculture. All businesses are collectively owned and organised into combines. Whilst the surplus of coal can be sold to foreign nations, the large amount of iron and steel produced in the nation serves as the state's main source of income, almost the entirety of the agricultural production is used to feed the population and to maintain quasi-autarky. Furthermore, the nation also produces automobiles that are only rarely being exported, as well as trains and trams, which are often bought by foreign cities.

Depleted or otherwise decommissioned mines are often renaturised and converted to parkland, with surface mines commonly flooded to create recreational lakes. Another common usage of old mine shafts is preservation for educational purposes, such as museums, conversion to long-term storage sites or, in rare cases, to entertainment amenities, with the latter often used as prestige projects.

In late August 2020, the Dillingen ironworks began producing iron using recycled, hydrogenous coke gas in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions by reducing reliance on coal. Whilst C02 emissions are predicted to only drop by 2.5% (amounting up to roughly 110,000t/year), the overall iron production cost is reduced significantly. Similar technologies are expected to be applied throughout the country in the near future. The new system was launched in attendance of the workers of the ironworks, citizens, and Peter Altmeier, the Minister of Energy.

In mid-November 2020, an announcement was made for a PRC-funded, multi-billion dollar technology park in the Sarrois municipalities of Überherrn and Heusweiler. The major focus of the industrial complex is the production of batteries for electric vehicles. The park, promising jobs for multiple thousand workers, is slated for completion in 2023.

In a first, Sarrois coal was exported to the Federal Republic of Germany in 2022. The latter sought greater independence from Russian natural gas in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The exports generated a minor economic upturn and a welcome stream of income, somewhat offsetting the reduced productivity during the Coronavirus pandemic of the early 2020s. Due to heavy subventions, prices for Sarrois coal are well below the European average, albeit still above other developing nations.

In February 2023 it was announced that a decommissioned coal power plant in Ensdorf is to be repurposed as a silicon carbide microchip factory in cooperation with mainland Chinese chip manufacturers. Synergies with other local elements of EV production lines are expected. The planned factory would be among the largest of its kind worldwide, if completed.

Other, smaller branches of industry, for example, winegrowing, and recently computer science and information technology systems serve as additional sources of income. Notable individual manufactories include the Mettlach-based Villeroy & Boch, which produces high-grade porcelain, and Viasit, an office furniture factory in Neunkirchen.

6.1 Education

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Saarbrücken university canteen
Students in the Saar Commune receive ten years of mandatory education with three optional years leading up to the maturity exam. Lessons in Russian, history, politics, Marxism and Leninism and sport are mandatory for all students.

After school, young people either pursue a manual apprenticeship or enrol in the Sarrois University in Saarbrücken which offers a vast array of different academic disciplines. Reflecting changes in global economy and science, the repertoire of subjects taught at the Saarbrücken university has changed and expanded over the years. The university received a technical faculty in 1986. National institutes for informatics, biomedicine and artificial intelligence were established in the 1980s, followed by institutes for material sciences and nanotechnology in the subsequent decade.

There are several schools for individuals with special needs throughout the Saar Commune, who are given the chance to contribute to economic activities in nationally-owned enterprises to make an independent living.

6.2 Infrastructure

The Sarrois infrastructure is entirely state-run. Citizens can acquire cars, although the use of public transportation is encouraged.

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A tram in Neunkirchen
Terrestrial and shipping
Whilst in the past transportation in the Saar Commune heavily relied on automobiles, government investments have led to well-maintained public transportation systems in several larger cities, such as Saarbrücken and Neunkirchen. Whilst public transportation is slowly catching up, the automobile is still the most common method of transportation in the nation.
In addition to the vast array of pre-war highways, most cities are connected by train lines. They are used both to transport passengers, as well as industrial and agricultural products from the state-owned mines, steelworks and agricultural companies.
Furthermore, the Saar river and canals connecting to it are also used for transversal transportation.
This strongly interconnected infrastructure is a major boon for the Sarrois economy and increases its efficiency substantially.

Aviation
Until the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, the Saar Commune did not have a national airline. Air traffic between both nations, as well as between the Saar Commune and other countries, was covered entirely by the GDR's state-owned airline Interflug. Several Interflug machines, ranging from regular passenger machines, to planes owned by the government and the Ministry for State Security, remained on Sarrois territory during the reunification of Germany. According to unevaluated sources, these planes were parked in the Saar Commune in anticipation of the collapse of the GDR, after their alleged involvement in transporting GDR functionaries to the Saar Commune. Whilst the remaining Interflug machines on German ground were integrated into Lufthansa's fleet, the Saar Commune took on stewardship of the former GDR airline. Furthermore, agricultural aircraft, which were previously under the administration of the Sarrois National People's Army, were transferred to the airline.
Under the leadership of Josef Tabellion, Interflug acquired the defunct Noble Air in early 1992, followed by Hamburg Airlines later the same year, to rake in profits from Germany.

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A Sarrois Interflug Ilyushin Il-62M
The following list contains all current airplanes in the Interflug passenger fleet, including the year the airline first used said models. Whilst all of them are being maintained, only few are in active use.
• 2 Ilyushin Il-18 (1961)
• 4 Tupolev Tu-134 (1969)
• 2 Ilyushin Il-62 (1970)
• 1 Let L-410 (1982)
• 1 Airbus A310 (1989)
• 1 DHC-8 (1990)
• 1 Boeing 737-300 (1992)
• 2 Airbus A320-200 (1993)

6.3 News media

Only state-controlled media is permitted in the Saar Commune. The state wields absolute monopoly over all print, radio, television and digital media. The Commune is listed amongst the lowest-ranking countries in the Press Freedom Index.

Rossiya Segodnya (Russian: Россия Сегодня), known as Russia Today (RT) in the west, is the only international news network with a broadcast license in the Saar Commune. RT has regularly been described as a major propaganda outlet for the Russian government and its foreign policy, as well as identified as a purveyor of disinformation and conspiracy theories. Overall, Russian influence on Sarrois public opinion is regarded as significant, as exemplified during the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

6.4 Intranet

The Saar Commune maintains a walled garden national intranet service comparable to the North Korean Kwangmyong system. Only few individuals within the Commune have access to the global Internet. Similarly, Sarrois domains are usually not accessible from abroad. Services such as web browsers, search engines, email and news sites are available, albeit strongly monitored by the Ministry for State Security. Whilst lots of information regarding political entities, such as countries, politicians and agencies is heavily distorted by state propaganda, technical and scientific information seems to be of adequate quality. Vectors of potential disobedience, such as chat rooms, are heavily restricted and universally monitored for suspicious and/or seditious correspondence.

The Sarrois intranet received increased attention during the Coronavirus pandemic of the early 2020s, hosting teleconferences for economic and educational purposes as well as distributing educational material to students nationwide.

6.5 Black market activity

Under French post-war administration, many Sarrois businesses suffered from smuggling, as profit-oriented individuals would cross the border, purchase cheap, German goods, and sell them lucratively to the citizens of the Protectorate. Whilst this tradition of smuggling has somewhat maintained itself throughout the decades, the construction of the antifascist barrier wall and strict border controls create strong hurdles to such illegal activity. Furthermore, the Sarrois government actively combats black marketing by increasing and subsidising the production of frequently smuggled goods, such as winter clothes and shoes. Border troops regularly conduct patrols along the wall to uncover locations at which contraband could be transported into the country.

7 Culture


Over the years, Sarrois culture has developed a unique identity, manifesting throughout many layers of society, including language, music and food, amongst others. Mining aesthetics and memorabilia are also fairly prevalent throughout the population, as many families have a background in mining.

7.1 Language

Probably the most important aspect of Sarrois culture and identity is the unique dialect of the region, Sarrois. It can be divided into two subcategories, Moselle and Rhine Franconian, the major difference being the pronunciation of the pronoun "das", which is pronounced as "dat" in the northern parts of the nation. Other aspects of Sarrois include referring to girls and women with the neutral pronoun "es" (it), often pronounced "ähs", the higher rarity of diphthongs and the absence of the front rounded vowels "ö", "ü" and "eu", which are replaced by "e", "i" and "ei" respectively. Furthermore, the Sarrois often uses different words for activities, for example, "schaffen" (creating) instead of "arbeiten" (working) and "tun" (do) instead of "würden" (would do).

The French language is prevalent throughout the Saar Commune, as all parts of the nation had been under French influence for centuries. Russian is taught in all public schools, resulting in high rates of comprehension.

7.2 Music

The Saar Commune is a melting pot of German music. Whilst its western heritage can be seen in the country's love for Schlager music (Gerd Christian, Uwe Jensen, Hartmut Schulze-Gerlach), east German pop bands (Puhdys, Karat, Wir, City, Silly, Pankow) have established themselves as the mainstream in the Saar Commune.

Bands from other communist countries, such as the Polish "Czerwone Gitary" ("Red Guitars"), the "Golden Voice of Prague", Karel Gott, Hungarian band "Omega" and Yugoslavian "Korni Grupa" enjoy popularity throughout the nation, some have even performed live in the "Saarlandhalle" ("Saarland Hall") in Saarbrücken.

Furthermore, the national government subsidises classical musicians and those who compose communist and/or socialist songs. Frequent cooperation occurred with east German artists such as Ernst Busch, Hannes Wader, Hanns Eisler, Paul Dessau, Ernst Hermann Meyer, Rudolf Wagner-Régeny, and Kurt Schwaen.

Underground musical activity is also notable.

7.3 Cuisine

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Lyoner and Schwenker (meat) on a
Schwenker (grill)
Schwenken (swinging around) is a staple of Sarrois cuisine. The word "Schwenker" describes both the grill, the grill operator and the pieces of meat on the grill. A Schwenker grill consists of a cooking grate suspended by chains from a tripod above a fire. By being able to swing the grate around, the operator can ensure the meat is evenly roasted from all sides. The simple structure of a Schwenker grill makes it easy to construct from improvised materials. Washer drums are often used as containers for coal and firewood, as the holes in the walls of the drum enable a steady supply of oxygen for the flames.

Aside from the Schwenker grilled meat, Lyoner, a cooked pork sausage and Dibbelabbes, mashed potatoes baked in a cake pan, can be considered national dishes. The regionally brewed beer "UrPils" is also a national staple product.

The slopes on the shores of the Saar river in the north of the nation are being used for winegrowing. Certain varieties of Riesling benefit tremendously from climatic and soil conditions in the region, making for a high-quality luxury consumption and export product. Historic evidence of winegrowing in the region dates back two thousand years.

A Saarbrücken-based nationally-owned enterprise is pioneering the production of Eauropean seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in modular, fully-automated salt water tanks. Whereas importing Mediterranean fish had previously been a luxury few could afford, the introduction of this technology has diversified the Sarrois culinary line-up and even roused the attention of foreign food critics, as the below average delivery distances have dramatically increased the freshness of the fish served at Sarrois restaurants.

7.4 Sports

The Sarrois Gymnastics and Sports Association strongly supports children who show promise in athletic disciplines, as successful participation at sportive events is an effective way of fostering international recognition as a sovereign country. Sarrois athletes have excelled in several Olympic competitions, most notably winter sports. It has been participating in the Olympic games ever since 1952. In 1954, it failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup after coming second to West Germany but ahead of Norway, but has since competed every time to varying degrees of success. Furthermore, it often competes in the field handball world championships and it is one of the few nations dispatching athletes to the North Korean Mass Games.

The Saar Commune and its socialist sister country, the German Democratic Republic, cooperated strongly in sportive endeavours. Despite both countries competing independently in the Olympic games, the nations participated in extensive exchange of expertise and organised training camps for athletes from both states. Results of this cooperation became evident in traditional fortes of the German Democratic Republic, such as ice skating and swimming.

However, as the GDR's systematic government-run doping programmes became publicly known after its collapse, the Saar Commune was faced with similar accusations. These allegations were strengthened by the fact that many former GDR coaches emigrated to the Saar Commune, which offered them generous grants and lucrative positions as national trainers. Consequentially, the Saar Commune was excluded from several events by the International Olympic Committee, similarly to the Russian Federation. Internally, Sarrois athletes fare exceptionally well in diverse disciplines, which can be attributed to government sponsorship programmes and strong social acknowledgement of sportive activities.

It is common for citizens of the Saar Commune to do morning gymnastics to a special program broadcasted every morning on state radio.

7.5 Architecture

Akin to many nations of the defunct Warsaw Pact, many residential districts in the Saar Commune are dominated by so-called microraions, residential complexes containing multi-story apartment buildings and public service buildings, such as nurseries, kindergartens, schools, playgrounds, shops, post offices and doctor's offices, providing most daily necessities within walking distance of one's dwellings. Whilst originally often described as monotonous and dull, satisfaction with living conditions in Sarrois microraions has increased over the years, largely attributed to vegetation growth and adequate maintenance. Jarek Kurnitski, director of Tallinn University of Technology's Institute of Construction and Architecture predicts such Soviet-era apartment complexes to last another century before demolition will become unavoidable.

The Saar Commune features several architectural world heritage sites, such as Celtic and Roman excavation sites in Nenning, Borg and in the Bliesgau, as well as the Hillfort of Otzenhausen. The national capital, Saarbrücken, is known for its Baroque buildings and churches. The Völklingen Ironworks, which have been classified as a UNESCO European industrial heritage site, is an example of industrial landmarks, such as headframes, gasometers and other structures typical for mining and steel-producing industries.

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Celtic hill fort of Otzenhausen

Celtic burial mound near
Reinheim

Reconstructed Gallo-
Roman Temple near
Schwarzenacker

Roman Villa in Borg

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Saarbrücken Ludwigskirche

Völklingen Ironworks

Göttelborn headframes,
tallest in the world

French embassy in Saarbrücken,
the Pingusson Building

7.6 Horticulture

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Floral display on the Alte Brücke in Saarbrücken
Horticulture is highly valued and heavily subsidised by the Sarrois government. Borrowing from the French Concours des villes et villages fleuris (English: Competition of cities and villages in Bloom), the government encourages communes to adopt and implement policies that improve the quality of life of their inhabitants and enhance their attractiveness to visitors through the provision and maintenance of green spaces and the enhancement of their natural environments. Successful communes are awarded the right to display a badge (showing from one to four flowers) on road signs and in other local promotional material. Flower displays can be seen throughout most Sarrois cityscapes, noticeably improving the quality of life both in rural and urban settings. Floral decorations can commonly be found on bridges, between traffic lanes and in the middle of roundabouts. Public parks are well-maintained, public cleaning services are well-funded and staffed.

The botanical garden of the Sarrois University in Saarbrücken is well-funded and maintained, boasting an impressive collection, attractive for both academic and recreational purposes.

7.7 Religion

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Walter Ulbricht visiting a youth consecration in 1958
In the past, the Saar region had been predominantly Catholic with minor protestant influences. Ever since the foundation of the Saar Commune, however, the number of religious citizens has fallen steadily, with roughly 40% of the population now identifying as either irreligious or unaffiliated. Whilst the state officially distances itself from religions and encourages state atheism, the high concentration of Catholics living in the area led to the maintenance of many religious communities throughout the nation.

Similarly to the German Democratic Republic, all religious organisations are under state surveillance. Whilst freedom of religion is a constitutional right and parents or legal guardians can decide whether their child should attend religious education in school, the state actively promotes a materialistic worldview and secular alternatives to religious events. An example is the so-called "Jugendweihe" ("Youth consecration"), a secular coming-of-age ceremony, as an analogue to Christian confirmations.

Some independent new age religions operate within the Saar Commune to varying degrees of success. Agents of the Church of Scientology and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness have been observed in several Sarrois cities. Whilst members of these organisations are under surveillance, their member counts are too small to be considered threats.

Furthermore, it is notable that cities previously named after saints are often renamed in honour of socialist or communist leaders and thinkers. Examples include St. Wendel, which was renamed to Kart-Marx-Stadt, St. Ingbert, which was renamed to Leninstadt, and St. Avold, which was renamed to Stalinstadt.

Alongside Buddhism, the small but notable Vietnamese community in the Saar Commune practices various folk traditions, for example, veneration of the dead, which is very prominent throughout many Vietnamese families.

8 Sources


Sources
Due to dispatch length limitations, sources are currently being migrated. In the meantime, please refer to the Linkarchived source list.

9 See also


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